Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 9 de 9
Filtrar
1.
Healthcare (Basel) ; 11(7)2023 Apr 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37046936

RESUMO

Driving under the influence (DUI) of alcohol and other drugs is a common occurrence in Western societies. Alcohol consumption is related to 15% of fatal injuries in traffic accidents worldwide, with those DUI of alcohol being up to 18 times more likely to be involved in a fatal accident. Evidence for DUI of alcohol or marijuana among the college population in Mexico is scarce. This research estimates the proportion of use of alcohol and marijuana, describes the risk perception of DUI, and evaluates the relationship between risk perception and DUI behaviors in a sample of Mexican college students aged 18 to 29. The study was cross-sectional with a non-probabilistic sample. Risk perception of suffering traffic accidents when DUI or riding with someone DUI of alcohol, marijuana, or both, was high, unlike the risk perception of being detected or sanctioned for a DUI of marijuana. The study provided valuable information on the risk perception of engaging in behaviors related to DUI of alcohol and/or marijuana. It is necessary to undertake research on the subject with probabilistic and representative samples of this population of Mexico.

2.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy ; 10: 5, 2015 Feb 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25971733

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In the past decade, several studies have focused on the treatment needs of female inmates with substance abuse problems. An important finding has been that these women are more likely to report histories of sexual, physical, and emotional abuse-at rates varying from 77% to 90%. The trauma resulting from this kind of abuse is a key contributing factor in behavioral problems in adolescence and subsequent delinquency, substance abuse, and criminality in adulthood. METHODS: This was a retrospective clinical study. A convenience sample of 112 women who entered the program's treatment groups consecutively for one year form part of the study. Information on traumatic events was obtained using some questions from the Initial Trauma Review. It explores whether the participant experienced physical abuse, sexual abuse, disasters, automobile accidents, or witnessed violence under the age of 18. It also examines experiences as an adult, including sexual and physical abuse, attacks by others who are not intimate partners, and abuse by authorities. RESULTS: Revictimization in sexual abuse was found in 78.1% of participants. Significant differences were identified between women who had experienced a traumatic sexual event from a person five years their senior before the age of 18 and then suffered from sexual violence as an adult, and women who had never undergone either of these events (x(2) = 11.3, df 112/1, p = <.001). In physical abuse, the figure was 82.17%. Differences were observed between women who were revictimized through physical abuse before and after the age of 18 (x(2) = 5.91, df 112/1, p = <.01), and those who had not experienced any kind of revictimization. Significant differences were found between women who had suffered a traumatic sexual event as a child and subsequently physical violence from their parents, and women who had not undergone either of these events (x(2) = 3.48, df 112/1, p = <.05). CONCLUSIONS: Investment in treatment in these areas during the prison sentence and after release may contribute to preventing these women from become repeat offenders. Creating sources of work and halfway houses that continue the program to prevent relapses into substance use can help defend the human rights of this group of women and achieve social justice.


Assuntos
Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/estatística & dados numéricos , Mulheres Maltratadas/estatística & dados numéricos , Vítimas de Crime/estatística & dados numéricos , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Delitos Sexuais/estatística & dados numéricos , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/epidemiologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitação , Sobreviventes Adultos de Maus-Tratos Infantis/psicologia , Fatores Etários , Idade de Início , Mulheres Maltratadas/psicologia , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Delitos Sexuais/psicologia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/psicologia
3.
Salud ment ; 33(6): 499-506, nov.-dic. 2010. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: lil-632809

RESUMO

The vast majority of women in Mexican prisons have several mental health disorders and addictions, as well as problems obtaining access to treatment for this type of problems. These women's personal background and prison conditions reflect the unresolved problems of the country, such as education and illiteracy, access to health and housing and inequity in the justice systems. The literature has shown that substance abuse affects female prisoners to a greater extent than other women, and that their disadvantaged socio-economic status makes them more likely to engage in and continue substance abuse. Other aspects that exacerbate this vulnerability are their low educational attainment, lack of job skills, and exposure to stigmatization and discrimination in addition to the physical and psychological consequences of addictive behavior. One aspect that has been internationally acknowledged is that gender inequities make women's health more vulnerable, particularly that of female prisoners, since they have greater health deficits and more treatment barriers. International literature has shown that female users of psychoactive substances in general face more barriers than men in seeking or continuing treatment. Research has also shown that the most common personal barriers in women are denial, shame and guilt. Likewise, women's anxiety and depressive disorders tend to be more prevalent and severe, which in turn prevents them from seeking help when they have substance abuse problems. The most common family-related barriers are the difficulty of attending treatment due to family, partner or childcare obligations, pregnancy or fear of losing custody of their children. The main barriers faced by women regarding treatment institutions are the insensitivity or inadequate training of the staff that work there, prejudice and negative attitudes towards women, lack of information on available treatment and extremely long waiting lists. As a result of the above, the aim of this study is to document the barriers to the treatment of addictions of female prisoners, a disadvantaged group that has rarely been studied in Mexico, in order to understand certain aspects related to this population's access to treatment and continuation of the latter. The design used for this research is an ex post facto, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional field study. The sample consisted of 213 women, chosen for convenience, who met the following criteria: alcohol and drug users, ages 18 to 65, able to read and write and with no psychiatric disorders or handicaps that would prevent the interview. The women that participated in this study were drawn from two Mexico City prisons: the Centro Preventivo Femenil Oriente, which houses women that have been accused, tried and sentenced, and the Centro de Readaptación Social Femenil Tepepan, where the inmates are women who have been sentenced and also have psychiatric problems. The ethical care observed included informing the interviewees of the objectives of the study, voluntary participation, confidential handling of the information and the use of witnesses, as well as guaranteeing participants the right to abandon the study and not to answer questions they found uncomfortable. The instrument was designed as a semi-structured interview with 242 questions covering various areas including Allen's Questionnaire on Treatment Barriers. It can be self-administered by the respondents, has internal consistency, construct and content validity and was adapted by Romero (2002). Some of the respondents had to have the questionnaire read out to them because of their low educational attainment. This questionnaire consists of 41 items, 30 of which are divided into three categories: 1. characteristics of treatment services, 2. beliefs, feelings or thoughts, and 3. socio-environmental aspects. Each category also includes an open question to discover other types of barriers not included in the three categories. The results yielded the following socio-demographic profile of the interviewees: 45.5% were in the 28 to 40 year age group; and had had 6 or less years' education (41.3%) or completed junior high school (36.2%). The majority were single (48.6%) or common law (21.6%), while 50.7% had children under the age of 18. Certain other characteristics of this sample such as depression, violence and alcohol and drug use have been reported in other studies. Of the total group of women that had received treatment at some time in their lives, 52.6% (n = 112) mentioned some type of barrier to treatment for addictions. A total of 29.1% (n = 62) of these women mentioned some type of barrier to treatment for alcohol use, while 44.1 % (n = 94) cited some type of barrier to treatment for drug use. Lastly, 39.2% (n = 44) mentioned some type of barrier to treatment for both types of consumption. An analysis of the treatment sub-scale by socio-demographic variable showed greater difficulty in obtaining treatment among women ages 28 to 40 and among those with children under 18. Statistically significant differences were observed regarding the type of offense (robbery) and availability of treatment. As for the beliefs, feelings and thoughts sub-scale, statistically significant differences were found among women with children under 18 and those finding it hard to abandon consumption. The sub-scale related to situational aspects, such as rejection from friends, proved to be the main barrier to enter treatment and was statistically significant among single women. The results of this study pose challenges to the health and mental health service sector regarding the timely treatment and rehabilitation of marginalized women. Likewise, acknowledging gender inequities is crucial when it comes to designing health promotion strategies. Without this perspective, their effectiveness could be jeopardized and gender inequalities actually exacerbated.


La gran mayoría de las mujeres recluidas en las prisiones de México presentan una gran cantidad de trastornos de salud mental y adicciones, así como dificultades para acceder al tratamiento para este tipo de problemas. Los antecedentes personales y las condiciones de reclusión de estas mujeres reflejan los problemas no resueltos del país como son educación y analfabetismo, acceso a la salud, vivienda e inequidad en los sistemas de procuración de justicia. En la bibliografía se ha señalado que el abuso de sustancias afecta a las mujeres presas en mayor medida que a otras mujeres y que su situación socioeconómica desfavorable las hace más susceptibles de incidir y prevalecer en la conducta de abuso de sustancias. Otros aspectos que acentúan esta vulnerabilidad son el bajo nivel educativo, las pocas habilidades para el trabajo, la exposición a la estigmatización y la discriminación, además de las consecuencias físicas y psicológicas de la conducta adictiva. Un aspecto reconocido internacionalmente es que las inequidades de género vulneran de manera particular la salud de las mujeres, lo cual es aún más evidente en las mujeres presas, pues presentan mayores déficits en su salud y mayor número de barreras al tratamiento. Se ha documentado en la bibliografía internacional que las usuarias de sustancias psicoactivas en general se enfrentan a un mayor número de barreras que los hombres para buscar o seguir un tratamiento. Por lo anterior, el objetivo del estudio es documentar las barreras al tratamiento de adicciones de mujeres en prisión, una población desfavorecida poco estudiada en México a fin de entender algunos aspectos relacionados con el acceso a tratamientos de esta población y su permanencia en ellos. El diseño utilizado para esta investigación corresponde a un estudio de campo transversal no experimental, descriptivo, ex post facto. La muestra se conformó de 213 mujeres, seleccionadas por conveniencia, con los siguientes criterios: usuarias de alcohol y drogas, edad de 1 8 a 65 años, que supieran leer y escribir, sin trastorno psiquiátrico o discapacidad que impidiera la entrevista. Las mujeres que participaron en este estudio se seleccionaron de dos prisiones de la Ciudad de México: el Centro Preventivo Femenil Oriente, donde se encuentran mujeres indiciadas, procesadas y sentenciadas, y el Centro de Readaptación Social Femenil Tepepan, donde se encuentran mujeres sentenciadas y con problemas psiquiátricos. Los cuidados éticos observados en el estudio fueron: información de los objetivos a las entrevistadas, participación voluntaria, confidencialidad de la información, empleo de testigos, así como el derecho de abandonar el estudio y de no responder aquellas preguntas que les resultasen incómodas. El instrumento empleado tuvo un formato de entrevista semiestructurada con 242 preguntas que abarcan diversas áreas, entre ellas, el <

4.
Salud ment ; 29(3): 68-74, may.-jun. 2006.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-985958

RESUMO

resumen está disponible en el texto completo


Abstract: Introduction. Social support has been useful as a key axis for different approaches on how positive human relations and social networks help the individual to achieve states of relative well-being and overcome stressful events which they have to cope with in their lives. This is particularly important in the case of imprisoned women, who generally lack social support, since many of them are abandoned by their relatives and friends with the consequent impact that this has on their physical and emotional well-being. Support from family and friends during imprisonment can imply an enormous difference in the living conditions of imprisoned women. It has been proved that the social support individuals receive through their social networks is a key factor for their well-being, specially at times of stress, transition or crisis, and protects them from the emergence of physical and psychic disorders. For these reasons, the objective of this article is to identify the main sources of social support in convicted women at two penitentiary centers in Mexico City and to determine whether the presence or absence of social support has an impact on their physical and mental well-being. Method. This is a descriptive field study carried out at two women's prisons in Mexico City: The East Preventive Center for Women and the Tepepan Center of Social Readjustment for Women. The type of sampling was non-probabilistic and selected by convenience. The final sample comprised of a total of 212 women. This study included current and lifetime female abusers of alcohol, tobacco and drugs, aged between 18 and 65, who could read and write. The exclusion criteria used were having a psychiatric disorder or a physical disability that would prevent them from completing the interview. The instrument used for compiling the information was a semi-structured interview consisting of 62 pages on various areas from the lives of female prisoners. The following sections of the questionnaire were analyzed for this article: a) sociodemographic characteristics, b) social networks, c) depression, and d) perception of physical and emotional health. The procedure followed to gather information on the female prisoners began with the establishment of an agreement with the General Administration of Prevention and Social Readjustment of the Federal District. Through this agreement, the mental health team, comprising psychiatrists, psychologists and anthropologists -previously trained in the use of a structured interview-, were granted access to the correctional facility. The interviews were carried out after the women had given their informed consent and told of the objectives of the study. The interviews lasted two hours on average, although on some occasions they took up to four sessions of two hours. The field work lasted two years. Results. Socio-demographic profile: The majority of the interviewees were under 40 years old (84%). They had low schooling (with only 41% having completed elementary school), were unmarried (48.6%), and most of them did not live either with a partner or an offspring (40.5%). A total of 58.6% had left home when they were young and nearly 40% lived on the streets. Before being admitted to the institution, they had been shopkeepers (29.5%), employees (21.9%), housewives (13.8%), manual workers(7.1%) and informal workers (5.7%). Contact with relatives and friends in the past month: A high number of the women in prison reported not having received any visits during the past month, with only a small percentage receiving daily visits. Almost 60% of the women declared not receiving any visits from significant figures, such as their partners or children. Frequency of visits and perception of physical and mental health: A third of the women rated their physical and mental health as not so good. When frequency of visits was linked to the women's perception of health, it was found that women, who had not received any visits over the past month, tended to evaluate their physical health more negatively (bad-mediocre) than those who received visits (43.5% versus 38.5%). A similar percentage was observed in the evaluation of their mental health (47.8% versus 45.3%). Frequency of visits and depression: When relating the frequency of visits to the presence and/or absence of depression, it was found that women who had not received visits during the past month experienced more depressive episodes (72.7% versus 61.1%). Nevertheless, these differences were not significant. Discussion. One of the most outstanding aspects observed in this study was the high level of abandonment suffered by the inmates, which confirms findings from other studies about women being abandoned by their loved ones more often than men after commiting a crime. The study found that in terms of accessibility, the physical location of penitentiary centers, is not a factor that fully explains the abandonment suffered by these women, since most of the inmates' relatives and friends live in the same city and even in the same neighborhood where the penitentiary center is located. A high presence of present depressive episodes was also observed in female prisoners, both among those who reported receiving visits and those who did not. A possible answer here is that imprisonment itself is a highly stressful event for those undergoing it and the support received from relatives and friends is not enough to offset the effects of confinement. Conclusions. The results of this study indicate there is a certain positive association between the social support female prisoners received from relatives and friends and their physical and mental well-being. Nevertheless, this cannot be considered a causal relationship, a conclusion which agrees with other reports regarding the positive influence of social support on prisoners' well-being. However, it is also suggested that this is a complex relation that must be investigated more in depth, since this support does not necessarily has the same effect on all individuals. One of the main recommendations deriving from these results is the need to make prisoners' relatives aware of the importance of promoting and maintaining a continuous and permanent contact with them, since this type of support usually brings about an enormous benefit for their physical and emotional well-being. It is also necessary for penitentiary institutions to reconsider the suspension of visits as a means of punishment and control, since this entails a series of negative consequences for the internal population and the institution itself.

5.
Salud ment ; 22(2): 7-17, mar.-abr. 1999. graf, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-254579

RESUMO

Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: 1) estimar la prevalencia de los episodios depresivos y de la distimia, según la CIE-10, durante la vida y en los últimos 12 meses de la población adulta de 18 a 65 años, de la ciudad de México; 2) analizar las características clínicas de las personas afectadas y la discapacidad relacionada con los trastornos, y 3) identificar la proporción de personas afectadas que han buscado ayuda y el tipo de prestadores de atención a los que han acudido. La metodología empleada fue una encuesta de hogares, utilizando una versión modificada del CIDI como instrumento clínico-epidemiológico básico. Los resultados mostraron que la prevalencia de los trastornos depresivos, incluyeron los episodios depresivos y la distimia, durante la vida de la población adulta de 18 a 65 años, de la ciudad de México, es de 12 por ciento. Se corroboró un alto riesgo de recurrencia, ya que 59 por ciento de las personas que han tenido episodios depresivos, reportó más de uno. La edad promedio en la que se inicia este tipo de trastorno se ubicó en la segunda mitad de la tercera década de la vida, mientras que la distimia se inicia, en promedio, a los 31 años, Ambos tipos de trastornos los padecen 2 mujeres por cada hombre. La frecuencia de las discapacidades relacionadas con los trastornos es semejante en ambos géneros, sin embargo, son las mujeres las que más buscan ayuda, especialmente en los casos de distimia. Sólo un poco más de la quinta parte de todas las personas afectadas con trastornos depresivos acudió en busca de ayuda a los médicos y a los profesionales de la salud mental. La segunda opción más frecuente fueron los sacerdotes, seguidos por los curanderos, médicos naturistas, etc. Cabe destacar que 86 por ciento de los episodios depresivos presentaron un síndrome somático que favoreció que buscaran la ayuda de médicos no psiquiatras. Resalta la importancia que tiene la detección, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento oportuno de las personas afectadas por estos trastornos


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sintomatologia , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , México/epidemiologia
6.
Salud ment ; 21(4): 1-11, jul.-ago. 1998. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: lil-243157

RESUMO

Antecedentes. La validez del Cuestionario General de Salud (versión de 12 reactivos), CGS-12, como instrumento útil para detectar los probables casos en la práctica médica general, ha sido recientemente objeto de un estudio muy extenso en diferentes países. Sin embargo, la puntuación general es sólo un aspecto de las cualidades del instrumento y se ha sugerido que deberian estudiarse las respuestas específicas a los reactivos, en virutud de que en ellos se consideran aspectos tanto positivos como negativos en relación con la salud mental, así como explotar la estructura factorial del instrumento en diferentes culturas. Método. En este trabajo se estudió la validez del CGS-12 utilizándolo como criterio externo de la Entrevista Internacional Diagnóstica Compuesta (CIDI), permitiendo que la definición de caso se hiciera con base en dos sistemas de clasificación, y la información se analizara no sólo en relación con la psicopatología presente en el momento de la entrevista, sino también en relación con la existencia de trastornos psiquiátricos alguna vez en la vida. Este abordaje constituye una aproximación diferente y original respecto de los otros estudios. El funcionamiento de cada reactivo se ilustró por medio de gráficas ROC, y su asociación se midió en términos del odds ratio; finalmente, se obtuvieron las estructuras factoriales. Resultados. Las coeficientes de validez para el instrumento en general fueron similares a los obtenidos en otros estudios. El análisis del funcionamiento de cada reactivo mostró que los primeros cuatro sólo se asociaron significativamente con la presencia de psicopatolgía al momento del estudio, mientras que los ocho reactivos restantes se asociaron con la presencia de trastornos en la vida. El análisis factorial con rotación varimax identificó tres factores que explican el 59 por ciento de la varianza para los casos actuales, mientras que para los trastornos en la vida, dos factores explicaron el 45 por ciento de la varianza...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria , Psicometria/instrumentação , Inquéritos e Questionários , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Atenção Primária à Saúde/métodos , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Escolaridade , Reações Falso-Negativas , Reações Falso-Positivas
7.
Salud ment ; 21(2): 46-53, mar.-abr. 1998. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-243149

RESUMO

Esta investigación presenta el análisis de varianza de tres escalas: Inseguridad Percibida, Conductas de Evitación y Deterioro Percibido (relacionadas con el ambiente), entre el nivel socioeconómico, la edad y la ocupación. Del mismo modo, se presentan las diferencias entre los indicadores de estilo de vida y las variables sociodemográficas antes mencionadas. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta con un muestreo no probabilístico por cuotas, para obtener una muestra representativa de los habitantes de la ciuda de México sobre el nivel socioeconómico, el género, la edad y la ocupación. De las 600 entrevistas para este estudio, sólo se consideró a las mujeres (n = 321), a quienes se les aplicó las escalas y los indicadores de estilo de vida. Los resultados mostraron diferencias por nivel socioeconómico en varias de las dimensiones de las escalas. En la dimensión de limitación en el estilo de vida se encontraron diferencias en las mujeres del nivel medio-bajo (F = 7.44, [305,1] gl p = .007). En la Percepción de Deterioro Social, las mujeres del nivel-medio-bajo reportaron diferencias (F = 77.52, [305,1] gl p=,000). Con respecto a la Percepción de Deterioro Físico. Las mujeres del nivel medio-bajo reportaron diferencias (F = 14.03, [305,1] gl p = .000). En el rubro de salir a divertirse de día las diferencias se eoncontraron en las mujeres de nivel medio-alto (F = 4.73, [305,1] gl p = .03). En cuanto a las diferencias por edad, sólo se encontraron en relación a salir a divertirse, se encontraron diferencias en las mujeres de 14 a 20 años de edad, tanto en divertirse de día como de noche (F = 3.45, [305,3] gl p = .01 y F = 2.93, [305,3] gl p = .03, respectivamante). Con respecto a la ocupación, se encontraron diferencias en la dimensión de Percepción de Deterioro Físico, en el cual las mujeres dedicada al hogar reportaron diferencias (F = 5.07, [305,1] gl p = . 002). En el salir a divertirse de noche, se encontraron diferencias en las mujeres con una actividad fuera del hogar (F = 6.63, [305,1] gl p = .01). Por último se reportan las diferencias de x² entre los medios de transporte utilizados y el tipo de horario de actividades de las mujeres. Encontrándose diferencias por nivel socioeconómico en mujeres de nivel medio-bajo que realizan sus actividades más a pie (x² = 4.31, [185/1] gl p = .01) y en pesero (x² = 10.7, (193/1) gl p = .001), mientras que las mujeres del nivel medio-alto lo hacen más en automóvil (x² = 30.7, [185/1] gl p = .000)...


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Classe Social , Mulheres/psicologia , Fatores Etários , Estilo de Vida , População Urbana
8.
Salud ment ; 20(2): 28-37, abr.-jun. 1997. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-227390

RESUMO

En el presente trabajo se informan sobre los resultados obtenidos en 31 pacientes esquizofrénicos dados de alta de un hospital psiquiátrico, a quienes se les hizo un seguimiento de 30 meses para observar su funcionamiento psicosocial comunitario. Se analizan las variables sociodemográficas, el funcionamiento psicosocial, el uso de medicamentos neurolépticos y las rehospitalizaciones. Para evaluar a los pacientes se utilizó la Escala de Funcionamiento Psicosocial, instrumento que incluye datos sociodemográficos, condiciones de vivienda y composición familiar, y por medio de 35 reactivos se evalúa el funcionamiento psicosocial del paciente en cinco áreas: ocupacional, social, económica, sexual y familiar. Este instrumento presenta un alto grado de valides y confiabilidad para usarse en México. Respecto al funcionamiento psicosocial, se encontró que los pacientes dijeron sentirse satisfechos (Nivel 2) a los 6, 18 y 30 meses de seguimiento, en todas las áreas así como el funcionamiento psicosocial global, exceptuando el área econonómica, en la cual se ubicaron en el Nivel 3 de neutral-indiferente a los 30 meses de seguimiento. En el área ocupacional y social se encontraron diferencias significativas al comparar el funcionamiento en estas áreas a los 6 y a los 30 meses. Se observó una disminución en el funcionamiento psicosocial global: a los 6 meses: x=2.5; a los 18 meses: x=2.6; y a los 30 meses: x =2.8. El uso de medicamentos neurolépticos disminuyó de 74.1 por ciento a los 6 meses a 61.2 por ciento a los 18 meses, y a 51.9 por ciento a los 30 meses, y también en el área ocupacional y en el área social a los 6 y a los 30 meses. En los pacientes que no tomaron medicamentos no se encontraron diferencias significativas ni por área, ni en el funcionamiento psicosocial global a lo largo de los 30 meses de seguimiento. Tampoco se encontrarón diferencias significativas en los pacients que fueron rehospitalizados. Finalmente, en los pacientes que no tuvieron que ser rehospitalizados se encontraron diferencias significativa en el área ocupacional al compararlos a los 6 y a los 30 meses de seguimiento


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicologia Social , Esquizofrenia/economia , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Encaminhamento e Consulta/estatística & dados numéricos
9.
Salud ment ; 18(2): 35-43, jun. 1995. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-158837

RESUMO

En vista de que el medio a la victimización es un fenómeno que parece estar influido fuertemente por los medios masivos de comunicación, el presente trabajo pretende investigar a cuáles de estos medios se exponen con más frecuencia los habitantes de la ciudad de México en lo que concierne a noticias y notas policiacas, considerando ciertas variables demográficas, como el nivel socioeconómico, el género y la edad. Asimismo, busca explorar la posible relación causal que hay entre dicha exposición y el medio a la victimización, considerando como variables interventoras la experiencia directa de victimización y la percepción de inseguridad que se tiene en diferentes espacios públicos y privados. Se llevó a cabo una encuesta en 600 habitantes de esta ciudad, que vivían en dos colonias de diferente nivel socioeconómico: 300 en una colonia de nivel medio-bajo y 300 en una de nivel medio-alto, controlando las cuotas por género y por edad. Cuarenta y seis por ciento de los entrevistados pertenecía al género masculino y 53.5 por ciento al femenino. Los resultados mostraron que los entrevistados estuvieron más expuestos a las noticias televisivas (51 por ciento de los sujetos las vió diariamente durante la última semana), seguidas por las noticias en la radio (34.1 por ciento las escuchó diariamente). Las personas de nivel-medio alto leyeron más frecuentemente el periódico y su sección policiaca. Los hombres tuvieron significativamente más contacto con los medios de comunicación que las mujeres, menos por lo que toca a escuchar noticias por radio. en cuanto a los grupos de edad, hubo diferencias significativas de acuerdo con la frecuencia con la que estuvieron expuestos a las noticias televisivas, a los programas policiacos y a las noticias por radio. El modelo de regresión múltiple en los hombres, respecto al medio a la victimización personal, obtuvo R = .35, R² = .12 y un error estándar(ES) de .54 con una F = 19.53 (2,266) p < .001. Las variables predictoras fueron la inseguridad en los lugares públicos y el haber leído el periódico en la última semana. En las mujeres, el modelo arrojó una R = .39, R² = .15 y un ES = .47 (F = 28.55 [2,303] p< .001). En este caso, las variables de mayor peso fueron la inseguridad en los lugares públicos y la edad. En cuanto al medio a la victimización de la propiedad, reportado por los hombres, se obtuvo un modelo de regresión con una R= .32, R² = .10 y un ES= .55 ...


Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Crime/psicologia , Medo , Meios de Comunicação de Massa
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA
...